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Q : À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
A : À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¶õ À̽½¶÷ÀÇ ¹ý·üü°èÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹ý·üÀº ½ÅÀÇ ¸»¾¸ÀÎ ÄÚ¶õ°ú
¹«Çϸ޵åÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸ðº»(¹«Çϸ޵åÀÇ ¸»°ú ¾ðÇà ±×¸®°í °¡¸£Ä§) ±×¸®°í À̽½¶÷ÀÇ ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ÆÇ´Ü(fatwas)¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹«½½¸²ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼´Â ¼±¸»çȸ ¼Ó¿¡ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ½ÇÇàÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̳ª ȤÀº ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ¾Ë¸®´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÆÁÖ
Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
Q : ¾î¶² ³»¿ëµéÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî Àִ°¡?
A : ¼±¸»çȸÀÇ ¹ý·üÀº ¹üÁË, °è¾à, ½Ã¹Î°ü°è ±×¸®°í °³ÀÎÀÇ ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÔÁ¤µéÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾú´Ù.
±×·¯³ª À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia Àº ¾Ë¶óÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ µû¶ó ¹«½½¸²ÀÌ ¾î¶»ÇÑ Çൿ°ú »îÀ» »ì¾Æ °¡¾ßÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¼¼¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ±ÔÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
Q : ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¸é¿¡¼ ¾î¶² °ÍµéÀÌ Àִ°¡?
A : ÀÏ»ó»ýȰÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î, ¸¹Àº ÀþÀº ¹«½½¸²ÀÌ Ä£±¸µéÀÌ Çб³°¡
³¡³ ÈÄ È¤Àº ÀÏÀÌ ³¡³ ÈÄ Pub(¼ú°ú ÇÔ²² Â÷ ±×¸®°í À½½ÄÀ» ÆÄ´Â ¿µ±¹ÀÎÀÇ ¹®È°ø°£)¿¡ ÃÊ´ëÇÏ¸é ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ßÇϴ°¡ µîÀÌ´Ù.
¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº »óȲ¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ½º½º·Î °áÁ¤ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥ ÀϺδ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia Àü¹® ÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô ÀÚ¹®À» ±¸ÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ´Â ¹«½½¸²ÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Å׵θ®¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â Áö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â ÀÚÁÖ ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÌ¸ç Æò¹üÇÑ ÇÏ·çÀÇ Àϰúµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöħÀÌ´Ù.
Q : À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ±¸¼ºµÇ´Â°¡?
A : ´Ù¸¥ ¹ý·üü°èó·³ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¿ª½Ã º¹ÀâÇϸç, ÀÌ ¹ýÀ» ÁýÇàÇÏ´Â °Í ¿ª½Ã
¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ½Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Àü¹®°¡¸¦ ¹èÃâÇϴ°¡¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ´Ù¸¥ °áÁ¤À» ¾ß±âÇÏ´Â ¸î¸î ´Ù¸¥ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia Çб³°¡
ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÐÀÚµéÀº À̽½¶÷ ¹ý,Sharia ¿Í ¼±¸ÀÇ ¹ý·ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸·Î ¼ö½Ê³âÀ» º¸³ÂÀ¸¸ç, À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia °¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹ýº¸´Ù
¿ì¿ùÇÏ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. À̽½¶÷ÀÇ ¹ýÇÐÀÚµéÀº À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ÀÇ Áöħ°ú ±ÔÁ¤À» ¹ßÇ¥Çϸç, ÁöħÀº Fatwa ¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â
Á¾±³Àû ÆÇ´ÜÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇØ ¸¸µé¾î Áø´Ù.
Q : ¹«½½¸²ÀÌ À̽½¶÷ ¹ýÁ¤¿¡ °¡³ª¿ä?
A : À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¹ýÁ¤Àº À̽½¶÷ ±¹°¡µé°ú ¼±¸ ±¹°¡¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
À̽½¶÷±Ç¿¡¼´Â Çü»çÀçÆÇ°ú Çü¹úÀÌ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¿¡ µû¶ó ¼±°íµÈ´Ù. ¼±¸ ±¹°¡µé ¼Ó¿¡¼´Â ¹«½½¸² °øµ¿Ã¼°¡ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý,Sharia
¹ýÁ¤À» ¸¸µé¾î °¡Á·µéÀÇ ¹®Á¦ ȤÀº °æÀçȰµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀïÀ» ó¸®Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» ÅëÇÑ À̽½¶÷ ÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô ¹®ÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
¸Å¿ì º¸ÆíȵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ¼±¸¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹«½½¸²À» À§ÇÑ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ À̱¹Ç³ÀÇ ¹®È¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϺΠÁöħÀº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ À̽½¶÷ ÇÐÀÚµé ¿ª½Ã ÇöÁö
¼±¸»çȸÀÇ »ýȰÀ» ¾Ë¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» ÅëÇÑ Áú¹®°ú ´ë´äÀÌ ¸Å¿ì º¸ÆíÈ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
Q : À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ´Â ¿Ö °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î °ø°³ÀûÀÎ »çÇüÇü¹úÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇϴ°¡?
A : À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¹®Á¦´Â ¼±¸ÀÇ ´«¿¡´Â ¸¹Àº ³í¶õÀ» ºÒ¾î ÀÏÀ¸Ä×À¸¸ç,
¹«½½¸²¿¡°Ô´Â ±×µéÀ» °Ý³ëÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ¹«½½¸²Àº Sharia °¡ »ç¿ìµð ¾Æ¶óºñ¾ÆÀÇ ¸ñÀ» ÀÚ¸£´Â °Í°ú ¼¶Æ¯ÇÑ Ã¼¹ú¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡ÀÌ ¸ÂÃß¾î
Áö´Âµî À߸øµÈ ÇØ¼®À» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¼±¸ »çȸ°¡ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Àü±âÀÇÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »çÇü¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©´Â ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù°í
¹Ý¹ÚÇÑ´Ù. ÀϺΠÇö´ë ¹«½½¸² ÇÐÀÚµéÀº »çÇü°ú ½ÅüÀûÀÎ Çü¹úÁ¶Ç×À» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃŰ´Â ÇÑ ¼±¸¿¡¼´Â À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ
µéÀ̱Ⱑ ¾ÆÁÖ ¾î·Á¿î °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. À¯·´¿¡¼ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ¹«½½¸² »ç»ó°¡ÀÎ Tariq Ramadan Àº ¹«½½¸²±Ç¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
ü¹úÀÇ ÁßÁö¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±×´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çü¹úÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ¸¸µé ¼ö´Â ¾øÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.
Q : ±×·¯³ª ¹«½½¸²Àº °³Á¾À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ »þÇüÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº°¡?
A : ¹è±³ ȤÀº ¹ÏÀ½À» ¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀº ¹«½½¸²±Ç¿¡¼µµ ¾ÆÁÖ ³í¶õÀÌ µÇ´Â ¹®Á¦À̸ç,
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇÐÀÚµéÀº Á×À½ÀÇ Çü¹úÀ» °¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í µ¿ÀÇÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀϺΠ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ¹«½½¸² »ç»ó°¡µé, Ưº°È÷ ¼±¸ »çȸ¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇØ
ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Çö´ëÀûÀÎ ÀǹÌÀÇ "Çü¹ú"Àº ¾Ë¶ó¿¡°Ô ¸Â°Ü¾ß µÇ¸ç, À̽½¶÷ ½º½º·Î°¡ ¹è±³ÀÇ À§ÇùÀ» ÇØ¼´Â ¾ÊµÈ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
ÄÚ¶õ¿¡¼´Â ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î Á¾±³¿¡ °¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °íÀ§ À̽½¶÷ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀÌ Áßµ¿ÀÇ ¾Æ¶øÀ¸·Î Èê·¯°¡ ¾öû³ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³íÀïÀº ´ÙÀ½ ¼¼´ë¿¡¼µµ Áö¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
-
ÄÚ¶õ ¹è±³ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çÇü
-
Christian, Jews, if they do not except then be
headed
-
no compulsion in religion (Sura 2:256)
- Sura 8.12 "Remember thy lord
has inspired the angels with the message. Give firmness to the
believers and instill terror into the hearts of the unbelievers.
Smite them above their necks and smite the fingertips of them."
- Sura 9.5 "When the sacred
months have passed, kill the idolaters whereever you find them."
- Sura 47.4 "When you encounter
the unbelievers, Strike off their heads. Untill you have made a wide
slaughter among them tie up the remaining captives."
Q : ¿µ±¹¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ´Â ¾î¶² Sharia Àΰ¡?
A : °¡Àå ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº °¡Á¤¹ý·ü, ÀçÁ¤ ¹× °æÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ý·üÀÌ´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸¹Àº ¹«½½¸²Àº ¸ÅÀÏ ¸ÅÀÏÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ Sharia ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¤À» µû¸£°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Ưº°È÷ °¡Á·¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦µé¿¡¼´Â ´õ¿í ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù.
Q : ±×·¯¸é À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia °¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿î¿µµÉ °ÍÀΰ¡?
A : ¹«½½¸²Àº ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÇ¿Â °°æÆÄ À¯´ë±³ Á¾±³¹ýÁ¤À» ÁÖ¸ñÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ
À¯´ë±³ Á¾±³¹ýÁ¤Àº ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¹ý¿¡ ÀÎÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÁßÀç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶Á¤À» ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¹®Á¦¸¦
ÇØ°áÇÔÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µéÀ» µ½°Ô µÇ°í ¶ÇÇÑ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¹ýÁ¤°úµµ ¹æÇذ¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
Q : ¾î¶»°Ô À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia °¡ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¹ý°ú ÇÔ²² Á¶ÈµÉ ¼ö
Àִ°¡?
A : ÇöÀç ¿µ±¹ ¹ý¿¡ µÎ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Á¶È¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ½Ä·áǰ ±ÔÁ¤¿¡
À¯´ë±³¿Í À̽½¶÷ÀÇ ½Ã±Ý¼®°úµµ °°Àº µ¿¹°À» Àâ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ À¯´ë±³¿Í À̽½¶÷ÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
µÎ¹øÂ°·Î ¸ð°ÔÁö(³»Áý ¸¶·ÃÀ» À§ÇÑ Æ¯º° Àå±âÀ¶ÀÚ)¿Í ÅõÀÚ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia °¡
¿µ±¹ ÀçÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ÀÎÁ¤À» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̽½¶÷¿¡¼´Â ÀÌÀÚ´Â Á¤´çÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ¼öÀÔÀ̶ó°í ¿©°Ü ÀÌÀÚ¼öÀÔÀ» ±ÝÁöÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ °í°´ÀÇ
Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ µû¸¥ ±ÝÀ¶È°µ¿À» ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̸¦ À§ÇØ À̽½¶÷ ÀºÇàÀÌ 2004¿¡ ¼³¸³µÇ¾ú´Ù.
Q : ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ¼±¸ÀÇ ³ª¶óµéÀÌ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia Àüü¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰí Àִ°¡?
A : ÇÑ °÷µµ ¾ø´Ù. Ä«³ª´Ù¿¡¼´Â 2005³â À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia µµÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÅõÇ¥°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª ºÎ°áµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ¾ó¸¶ °®Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¼ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¸¦ µµÀÔÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í Àü¸ÁÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â À̰÷ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼´Â ¾à°£ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ÁßÀç°¡ ÇöÀç Á¸ÀçÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Àü¹®°¡µéÀº Ä«³ª´Ù¿¡¼ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¿¡
±âÃÊÇÑ °¡Á·¹ýÁ¤À» »õ·Ó°Ô µµÀÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ½Ã¹Î¹ýÁ¤¿¡ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÁüÀÌ µÇÁö¸¸ ±×·¯³ª Ä«³ª´Ù ¹ýÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Àαǿ¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸ÀåÀÌ ÀÖ°Ô µÉ
°ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
Q : À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¿¡¼´Â ¿©ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¾î¶²°¡?
A : ¿µ±¹³» ÀϺΠ¹«½½¸² ¿©¼ºµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ±Ç¸®°¡ Á¦ÇÑµÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í °ÆÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
°¡·É °áÈ¥¹®Á¦ µî¿¡¼. ¹«½½¸²Àº ´ÜÁö "NIKAH" ¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â À̽½¶÷ °áÈ¥°ü·Ê ¸¸ÀÌ ¿ÂÀüÇÑ °áÈ¥À¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϺÎ
°æ¿ì¿¡´Â °Á¦Á¶Ç×ÀÎ ¿µ±¹ ½Ã¹Î °áÈ¥°ü·Ê´Â º°·Ð Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϺΠ¸ð½ºÅ©¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹«½½¸²ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ 'NIKAH'
À̽½¶÷ °áÈ¥°ü·Ê¸¸ °áÈ¥Áõ¸íÀ» ÇØ ÁÖ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ ÀϺδ ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¹«½½¸² ¿©ÀεéÀº À̽º¶÷ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ ¿µ±¹ ¹ý
¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹«½½¸² ¿©ÀεéÀÇ ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸ÀåÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
Q : À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¿¡¼´Â ³²ÆíÀÇ Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÈ¥¼±Æ÷¸¦ Çã¿ëÇϰí ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº°¡?
A : À̰ÍÀº ³²ÆíÀÌ ÀÌÈ¥Àº À§ÇØ ¾Æ¶ø¾î 'TALAQ'¸¦ ¼¼¹ø¸¸ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÈ¥ÀÌ
ÃæºÐÇÏ°Ô ¼º¸³µÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϸç, À̰ÍÀÌ ³²Æí¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø ±Ç¸®¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ´ÜÁö ÄÚ¶õ¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ ¹®ÀÚÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ¼®ÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Sharia ¹ýÁ¤ÀÌ ¿î¿µµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÄÚ¶õÀÇ ´Ü¾î´Â ´ÜÁö ÁؾöÇÑ °úÁ¤ÀÌ »ó¡ÀûÀÎ ºÎºÐÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °Í¿¡
ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù.
°áÈ¥Àº À̽½¶÷¿¡¼´Â °è¾àÀÌ´Ù. À̽½¶÷ ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¼®´Þ°£ÀÇ ³Ã°¢±â°£, ´ëÈ, Á¶Á¤ ±×¸®°í »ó´ãµéÀ»
¿ä±¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Talaq ´Â À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¿¡¼µµ ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ̸ç, À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ÀÇ ÀϺκп¡
ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù.
Q : ¿©ÀεéÀÌ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀ̰í Àִ°¡?
A : ¼±¸ÀÇ ÀϺΠ¹«½½¸² ¿©ÀεéÀº ¹«½½¸² °øµ¿Ã¼ ¾È¿¡¼ÀÇ °¡Àå(Ê«íþ)À» Áß½ÉÇÑ
±ÇÀ§¿Í ¹®È·Î ÀÎÇØ ¿©ÀεéÀ» Â÷º°ÇÏ´Â À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¹ýÁ¤¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °ÆÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ¹«½½¸²
¿©ÀεéÀÌ À̽½¶÷ ¹ý, Sharia ¸¦ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ¶ó ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¿©ÀεéÀº °øÁ¤¼º¿¡ ´ëÇá¿© °ÆÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¹«½½¸²
¿©¼º ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº Çö ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Æòµî¼º°ú ÀαÇÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ À§Ä¡¿Í °øµ¿Ã¼ ¼Ó¿¡¼ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ Çâ»ó ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ü½ÉÀ» °®°í
ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °øÁ¤ÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Q&A: Sharia law explained
8 February 2008, by
By Dominic Casciani
What is Sharia?
Sharia law is Islam's legal system. It is derived from both
the Koran, as the word of God, the example of the life of the
prophet Muhammad, and fatwas - the rulings of Islamic scholars. But Sharia differs in one very important and significant way
to the legal traditions of the Western world: it governs, or at
least informs, every aspect of the life of a Muslim.
What does it cover?
Western law confines itself largely to matters relating to
crime, contract, civil relationships and individual rights.
Sharia is however concerned with more. Sharia rulings have
been developed to help Muslims understand how they should lead
every aspect of their lives according to God's wishes.
What does this mean in practice?
All sorts of things in daily life. For example, many young
Muslims ask themselves what they should do if colleagues invite
them to the pub after work or college. Many people would of course make up their own mind about the
appropriate course of action. But others may turn to a Sharia
scholar for advice. So Sharia covers a lot of very mundane and banal daily issues
where observant Muslims want to ensure they act within the legal
framework of their faith.
So how are rulings made?
Like any legal system, Sharia is complex and its practice is
entirely reliant on the quality and training of experts. There are different schools of thought, which consequently
lead to different rulings. Scholars spend decades studying the law and, as with Western
law, an expert on one aspect of Sharia is by no means the
authority on another. Islamic jurists issue guidance and rulings. Guidance that is
considered a formal legal ruling is called a Fatwa.
Do people go to court?
Sharia courts exist in both the Muslim world and in the
Western world. In parts of the Muslim world the criminal courts and their
punishments are of course drawn from the rules of Sharia. In the West, Muslim communities have established Sharia
courts to largely deal with family or business disputes.
The internet has become a popular way of seeking a ruling
with scholars. Some of the guidance to Muslims in the west which
has been considered most outlandish has come from these sources,
particularly where the scholar has no knowledge of the realities
of western life.
Why is Sharia mentioned in the same breath as public
executions?
Of all the issues around Islamic law, this remains the most
controversial in Western eyes - and its presentation the most
infuriating for Muslims.
Muslims say the Western world misrepresents Sharia by
focusing on beheadings in Saudi Arabia and other gruesome
punishments. The equivalent, they say, would be a debate about
the history of Western law focused on America's electric chair.
Some modern Muslim scholars say that while Sharia includes
provisions for capital and corporal punishment, getting to that
stage is in fact quite difficult. The most famous Muslim thinker in Europe,
Tariq Ramadan, has
called for a moratorium on these penalties in the Muslim world. He argues that the conditions under which such penalties
would be legal are almost impossible to re-establish in today's
world.
But Muslims can be executed for converting?
Apostasy, or leaving the faith, is a very controversial issue
in the Muslim world and the majority of scholars believe it is
punishable by death. But a minority of Muslim thinkers, particularly those engaged
with Western societies, argue that the reality of the modern
world means the "punishment" should be left to God - and that
Islam itself is not threatened by apostasy.
The Koran itself declares there is "no compulsion" in
religion. Egypt's most senior cleric has faced a storm in the Middle
East after floating some of these ideas but the debate may well
continue for many generations to come.
So what kind of Sharia are we talking about in the UK?
The key issues are family law, finance and business. In
practice many Muslims do turn to Sharia guidance for many of
these day-to-day matters, particularly family disputes.
And how does this work in practice?
Muslims are increasingly looking to the example of Jewish
communities which have long-established religious community
courts. These "courts" are legally recognised in English law as a
means for warring parties to agree to arbitration. The law sees
this as a practical way of helping people to resolve their
differences in their own way, without clogging up the local
courts.
But what about incorporating Sharia into British law?
In two important areas British law has incorporated religious
legal considerations. British food regulations allow meat to be
slaughtered according to Jewish and Islamic practices - a
touchstone issue for both communities.
Secondly, the Treasury has approved Sharia-compliant
financial products such as mortgages and investments. Islam
forbids interest on the basis that it is money unjustly earned.
These products are said by supporters to meet the needs of
modern life in a way that fits the faith.
Has any western nation allowed Sharia to be used in full?
Not at all. Canada is widely reported to have come close -
leading to protests in 2005. But in reality the proposals were little different from the
existing religious arbitration rules here in the UK. Experts considered establishing Sharia-related family courts
to ease the burden on civil courts - but said these would have
to observe the basic human rights guarantees of Canadian law.
What about Sharia and women?
Some Muslim women in Britain are concerned about how their
rights are protected. Take marriage for example. Muslims only consider themselves truly married once they have
conducted the Islamic ceremony, known as the nikah. In some
cases, this means that there is a cultural view that the British
civil ceremony, which enforces legal rights under the law, is
not important. Some mosques are aware of this issue and now demand to see a
marriage certificate as a condition of the nikah. Others do not.
Many women want Muslim leaders to do more to ensure their rights
are protected under British law.
Does Sharia allow men to instantly divorce wives?
There is an idea that men merely have to say the Arabic for
divorce three times (known as the triple talaq) and that is
sufficient - and there are some men who think they have this
right. In practice, not only do texts show Muhammad disagreed but
today, where Sharia courts are properly run, the words are
merely a symbolic part of a rigorous process.
Marriage is a contract in Islam. Scholars expect three-month
cooling-off periods, dialogue, arbitration and counselling.
However, Talaq is a very complicated area of Sharia law with
conflicting views - see internet links for one example.
So women have reservations about Sharia?
Some Muslim women in the West would be worried about
protection of their rights in Sharia courts where there is
discrimination against them because of patriarchal and cultural
control in their communities. This does not mean that they are necessarily opposed to
Sharia - only there are concerns about the fairness of its
application.
It's fair to say that many leading Muslim women are more
concerned about how existing British equality measures and human
rights laws can be used to improve their position and voice in
society.¢½
(from :
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7234870.stm) |